Duaa-After Witr Prayer

Recite:
سُبْحَانَ الْمَلِكِ الْقُدُّوسِ
"I mention the Purity of the Owner, i.e. Allah who is Pure".
or read
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِرِضَاكَ مِنْ سَخَطِكَ وَبِمُعَافَاتِكَ مِنْ عُقُوبَتِكَ وَأَعُوذَ بِكَ مِنْكَ لَا أُحْصِي ثَنَاءً عَلَيْكَ أَنْتَ كَمَا أَثْنَيْتَ عَلَى نَفْسِكَ
"O Allah, I seek Your refuge (protection) from your displeasure through. Your pleasure and from Your punishment with forgiveness. I seek refuge from all calamities and punishments. I have no words to Praise You as You have praised Yourself.

(Hisnul Hasin)

Reply to the Muazzin, Upon hearing the Muazzin give Athan

It is stated in the Ahadith that whosoever answers the muazzin there is Jannah for him.

(Hisnul Hasin)
Thus the reply to the muazzin (when the Muazzin says:)
حَيِّ عَلَى الصَّلَاةِ حَيِّ عَلَى الْفَلَاحِ
recite:
لَا حَوْلَ وَلَا قُوَّةَ إِلَّا بِاللَّهِ
(Mishkat)
At the end of the athaan recite Durood then
اللَّهُمَّ رَبَّ هَذِهِ الدَّعْوَةِ التَّامَّةِ وَالصَّلَاةِ الْقَائِمَةِ آتِ مُحَمَّدَاً الْوَسِيلَةَ وَالْفَضِيلَةَ وَابْعَثْهُ مَقَامَاً مَحْمُودَاً الَّذِي وَعَدْتَهُ إِنَّكَ لَا تُخْلِفُ الْمِيعَادَ
"O Allah, the Lord of this total call (invitation, proclamation) and the Lord of the Salat to begin, grant Muhammad 'intercession' ( a status) and grant him superiority and let him reach Mooqame Mahmood which You have promised, for definitely You do not go back on Your promises".

(Mishkat)
By reciting this dua, the intercession of Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) becomes wajib.

(Mishkat)
Note: The reply to the Iqamat is the same as the reply to the athaan, except that when hearing:
قَدْ قَامَتِ الصَّلَاةُ
-stand up for Salaat, recite:
أَقَامَهَا اللَّهُ وَأَدَامَهَا
Allah keep (Salaat) perpetual".

(Mishkat)
وَعَدْتَهُ
Note: In the athaan the famous words
وَالدَّرَجَةُ الرَّفِيعَةُ
are not found in the hadith.
After the fard Salaat recite the following while rubbing the right hand on the forehead:
بِسْمِ اللَّهِ الَّذِي لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا هُوَ الرَّحْمَنُ الرَّحِيمُ اللَّهُمَّ أَذْهِبْ عَنِّي الْهَمَّ وَالْحَزَنَ
"In the name of Allah, (I have completed the Salaat) who is the only one worthy of worhsip and who is the Most Merciful, the Most Gracious. O Allah remove from me all worries and sorrows".

(Hisnul Hasin)
Then recite Astaghfirullah thrice and recite the following:
اللَّهُمَّ أَنْتَ السَّلَامُ وَمِنْكَ السَّلَامُ تَبَارَكْتَ يَا ذَا الْجَلَالِ وَالْإِكْرَامِ
"O Allah, You are safe, and from You we receive safety. You are Blessed, Lofty and Dignified".
From the following duas either recite all of them or any one indivisually:
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٍ
a. "Besides Allah, there is no one worthy of worship, He is all by Himself and has no partner. His is the Kingdom, to Him is all praise and He has control over everything".

(Bukhari, Muslim)
اللَّهُمَّ لَا مَانِعَ لَمَا أَعْطَيْتَ وَلَا مُعْطِيَ لِمَا مَنَعْتَ وَلَا يَنْفَعُ ذَا الْجَدِّ مِنْكَ الْجَدُّ
b. "O Allah, no one can stop what You give and no one can give what You stop and the wealth of the wealthy cannot prevent Your punishment".

(Mishkat)
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْجُبْنِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْبُخْلِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ أَرْذَلِ الْعُمُرِ وَأَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنْ فِتْنَةِ الدُّنْيَا وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ
c. "O Allah, I seek refuge from cowardice, miserliness and childness in old age, from the trials of this world and punishment of the grave".

(Bukhari)
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْكُفْرِ وَالْفَقْرِ وَعَذَابِ الْقَبْرِ
d. "O Allah, I seek refuge in You from Kufr, poverty and the punishment of the grave".

(Hisnul Hasin)
اللَّهُمَّ اغْفِرْ لِي مَا قَدَّمْتُ وَمَا أَخَّرْتُ وَمَا أَسْرَرْتُ وَمَا أَعْلَنْتُ وَمَا أَسْرَفْتُ وَمَا أَنْتَ أَعْلَمُ بِهِ مِنِّي أَنْتَ الْمُقَدِّمُ وَأَنْتَ الْمُؤَخِّرُ لَا إِلَهَ إلِاَّ أَنْتَ
e. "O Allah, forgive my past and future sins and those sins which took place knowingly or unknowngly and forgive me for exceeding the limits and those that You know more than me. You are the beginning and the end and besides You there is no one else worthy of worship".

(Abu Dawood)
اللَّهُمَّ أَعِنِّي عَلَى ذِكْرِكَ وَشُكْرِكَ وَحُسْنِ عِبَادَتِكَ
f. "O Allah, help me so that I can make your Dhikr, glorify You and worship You properly".

(Abu Dawood)
g. Note:
It is stated in the hadith that the person who recites Ayatul Qursi after every Salaat, death is the only barrier for him between him and Jannah.

(Behaqi in Sahbatul Iman)
h. Uqba bin Amr (R.A.) states that Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) ordered him to recite the Muwoozhita (i.e. the four Quls) after every fard Salaat.

(Mishkat)
After every Salaat recite SubhanAllah 33 times, Alhamdulillah 33 times and Allahu Akbar 34 times.
Many virtues are recorded in the Ahadith regarding the recitation of the above.
This is one method. The other method is to recite
لَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَحْدَهُ لَا شَرِيكَ لَهُ لَهُ الْمُلْكُ وَلَهُ الْحَمْدُ وَهُوَ عَلَى كُلِّ شَيْءٍ قَدِيرٍ
after completion.
The third method is to recite SubhanAllah 25 Alhamdulillah 25 times and Allahu Akbar 25 times. (All the above are narrated in Mishkat)
Abu Amama (R.A.) narrates from Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) that he Prophet Mohammad (S.A.W.) was asked which dua has the greatest acceptance. To this, he replied that the dua recited in the latter part of the night (Tahajjud time) and after the fard Salaat.

(Tirmidhi)

Duaa-After completion of prayer in Masjid

After completion of prayer in Masjid
Recite:
سُبْحَانَ اللَّهِ وَالْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ وَلَا إِلَهَ إِلَّا اللَّهُ وَاللَّهُ أَكْبَرُ

"Allah is Pure and all Praise is to Him. Besides Him there is no one worthy of worship, He is the Greatest."

(Mishkat, Chapter on Masjid)
When coming out of the Masjid recite Durood and Salaam first and thereafter recite:
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي وَافْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ فَضْلِكَ
"O Lord, pardon my sins and open the doors of virtue for me".

(Mishkat)
Alternatively recite
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَسْأَلُكَ مِنْ فَضْلِكَ
"O Allah, I ask of you, Your Fadl (goodness)."

Duaa-When entering the Masjid

When entering the Masjid recite Durood and Salaam first and thereafter recite:
رَبِّ اغْفِرْ لِي ذُنُوبِي وَافْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ
"O Lord, forgive my sins and open the doors of mercy for me".

(Mishkat)
Alternatively recite
اللَّهُمَّ افْتَحْ لِي أَبْوَابَ رَحْمَتِكَ
"O Allah, open the doors of mercy".

(Mishkat)
 

Duaa-When going for Fajr Prayer

Recite:
اللَّهُمَّ اجْعَلْ فِي قَلْبِي نُورَاً وَفِي بَصَرِي نُورَاً وَفِي سَمْعِي نُورَاً وَعَنْ يَمِينِي نُورَاً وَعَنْ شِمَالِي نُورَاً وَاجْعَلْ لِي نُورَاً وَفِي عَصَبِي نُورَاً وَفِي لَحْمِي نُورَاً وَفِي دَمِي نُورَاً وَفِي شَعْرِي نُورَاً وَفِي بَشَرِي نُورَاً وَفِي لِسَانِي نُورَاً وَاجْعَلْ فِي نَفْسِي نُورَاً وَأَعْظِمْ لِي نُورَاً وَاجْعَلْنِي نُورَاً وَاجْعَلْ مِنْ خَلْفِي نُورَاً وَمِنْ أَمَامِي نُورَاً وَاجْعَلْ مِنْ فَوْقِي نُورَاً وَمِنْ تَحْتِي نُورَاً اللَّهُمَّ أَعْطِنِي نُورَاً
"O Allah, give me Nur in my heart, me eyes, ears, on my right side, on my left side. Specify Nur for me and my progeny. Grant Nur in my flesh, my blood, my hair, my skin, my tongue and my nafs (soul) and grant Nur all around me."

(Hisnul Hasin)

When coming out of the toilet

Recite:
غُفْرَانَكَ

"(O Allah) I seek forgiveness and pardon from You".
الْحَمْدُ لِلَّهِ الَّذِي أَذْهَبَ عَنِّي الْأَذَى وَعَافَانِي
"All Praise be to Allah, who removed the difficulty from me and gave me ease (relief)".

(Mishkat)

Duaa-When entering the toilet recite

When entering the toilet
When entering the toilet recite:
Bismillah "In the name of Allah"
It is in the hadith that between the eyes of Satan and the private parts of man Bismillah is a barrier therefore, this dua should be recited.
اللَّهُمَّ إِنِّي أَعُوذُ بِكَ مِنَ الْخُبْثِ وَالْخَبَائِثِ
"O Allah. I seek refuge in You from the male female evil and Jinns".

(Mishkat, Hisnul Hasin)

Duaa-After having a nightmare, On having a good dream,

After having a nightmare
Upon having a nightmare, recite:
أَعُوذُ بِكَلِمَاتِ اللَّهِ التَّامَّةِ مِنْ غَضَبِهِ وَعِقَابِهِ وَشَرِّ عِبَادِهِ وَمِنْ هَمَزَاتِ الشَّيَاطِينِ وَأَنْ يَحْضُرُونَ
With the total words of Allah, I seek protection from His wrath, from His punishment and from the servants evil and from the whispers of Satan and I seek protection from (these) coming to me.

(Hisnul Hasin)
On having a good dream, recite:
"Alhamdulillah" and relate it to an intimate companion of understanding (So that the companion does not interpret the dream badly). If a person has a bad dream, then spit three times over the left shoulder and turn to the other side or stand up to perform Salaat reciting the following dua three times:
أَعُوذُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ الشَّيْطَانِ الرَّجِيمِ وَمِنْ شَرِّ هَذِهِ الرُّؤْيَا
"I seek refuge in Allah from the accursed Satan and from the evil of this dream. "The dream will not cause any harm. (Misjkat, Hisnul Hasin)
It is a great sin to conjure a false dream and narrate it.

(Bukhari)

Duaa-At the time of difficulty when Sleeping

To be recited when having difficulty obtaining sleep
اللَّهُمَّ غَارَتِ النُّجُومُ وَهَدَأَتِ الْعُيُونُ وَأَنْتَ حَيٌّ قَيُّومٌ * لَا تَأْخُذُكَ سِنَةٌ وَلَا نَوْمٌ يَا حَيُّ يَا قَيُّومُ أَهْدِئْ لَيْلِي وَأَنِمْ عَيْنِي
"O Allah the stars have gone far away and the eyes are rested. You are Alive and Infinite, You do not slumber nor does sleep overtake You. Oh Alive and the Everlasting One, grant me rest tonight and let my eyes sleep (close).

(Hisnul Hasin)